V.  I 

I - ' 


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I’ublishcd  by  the 

PRKSBYTERIAN  COMMI  FTEE  OF  PUBLICATION 

I’k'limonct.  Va.  Texarkana,  Ark.-Tex. 


“Within  Our  Doors” 


OUR  WORK  AMONG 

the 

NEGROES 


A mute  appeal — the  Old  for  sympathy — the  New  for  ^idance 

By  Miss  S.  0*H  mCKSON 

WINSTON-SALEM.  N.  C. 


"Within 


Our  Doors” 


OUR  WORK  AMONG 

the 

NEGROKS 


By 

MISS  S.  O’H.  DICKSON 

WINSTON  SALEM,  N.  C. 


A IVaitin^  Home  Mission  Field  open,  not  at  our  doors,  but  nuith- 
in  our  doors." — Rev.  J.  B.  Gambrell,  D.  D. 


Published  by  the 

PRESBYTERIAN  COMMITTEE  OF  PUBLICATION, 

Richmond,  Va..  Texarkana.  Ark. -Tex. 


STILLMAN  INSTITUTE. 

TUSCALOOSA,  ALA. 

FOR  TRAINING  COLORED  MINISTERS. 


FOREWORD 


The  work  of  getting  together  the  needed  facts  contained 
in  the  following  story  of  the  work  of  the  Southern  Presby- 
terian Church  among  the  negroes  would  never  have  been 
attempted  had  not  the  request  come  from  headquarters,  and 
also  had  it  not  been  in  s)Tnpathy  with  abiding  interest  and 
prayers,  inherited,  as  she  believes,  not  only  from  her  mother, 
but  from  her  brother.  Rev.  A.  F.  Dickson,  who  through  all 
his  life  occupied  the  place  of  father  and  spiritual  adviser, — 
and  if  by  this  work  which  has  proved  .such  a source  of  pleas- 
ure— the  interest, — the  working,  praying,  giving  interest  of 
the  woman  of  the  Church  shall  be  increased,  so  that  we  may 
feel  that  we  have  a share  of  this  great  obligation  to  the  col- 
ored race  on  our  shoulders,  and  that  we  can  and  we  will  pay 
it,  she  will  feel  that  she  can  record  another  of  the  “answered 
prayers  of  a grateful  heart.” 


May,  1913. 


S.  O’H.  Dickson. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/withinourdoorsOOdick 


“Within  Our  Doors” 


With  Conscienxes  Amakexed,  Hoav  Shall  We  Begin? 

“The  first  thing  needed  is  a deepening  sense  of  responsi- 
bility for  the  well-being,  spiritual  and  temporal,  of  this 
weaker  race. 

What  am  I doing  to  uplift  the  negroes  in  my  community? 
Have  I ever  troubled  myself  about  their  religious  life?  Have 
I ever  tried  to  start  a Sunday  School  ? Have  I ever  tried  a 
sewing  class  for  girls,  or  in  some  way  to  help  the  boys  to 
pass  the  evenings  in  a pleasant  and  yet  wholesome  manner? 

How  can  we  blame  the  young  people  for  going  astray  if 
we  never  lend  a helping  hand  to  hold  them  back? 

“It  is  time  to  quit  thinking  of  the  negro  as  the  white 
man’s  burden.”  Let  us  rather  look  at  the  burden  he  is  bear- 
ing, the  neglect  of  which  the  Church  has  been  guilty  too 
long,  and  let  us  share  his  burden — the  burden  of  lifting  his 
race  to  the  knowledge  and  love  of  God. 

How  much  of  the  thriftlessness,  yea,  and  of  the  criminality 
which  has  stained  the  record  of  the  race  since  the  Civil  War 
gave  them  freedom,  may  we  not  be  charged  with,  when  we 
stand  before  the  Bar  of  God? 

We  cannot  undo  the  errors  of  the  past,  but  we  can  repent 
and  begin  yww  to  pray  more,  to  work  more  to  build  up  a 
Presbyterian  Colored  Church,  on  which  the  smile  of  God 
shall  rest ! 

“.\11  over  the  South,”  says  Dr.  Gambrell,  in  his  admira- 
ble leaflet,  “The  Race  Question  in  the  South,”  “there  should 
be  representative  meetings  of  white  and  negro  leaders  to 


6 


“ WiTHix  Our  Doors.” 


devise  ways  and  means  to  advance  the  cause  of  civic  right- 
eousness, educational  improvement,  industrial  development, 
whatever  would  be  for  the  common  welfare.” 

In  other  and  plainer  words,  there  is  something  more  for 
us  to  do  than  to  teach  a Mission  Sunday  School  on  Sunday 
afternoon,  and  then  forget  these  neighbors  all  the  week. 

In  towns  where  the  Civic  Leagues  have  called  on  them 
to  “clean  up”  and  beautify,  they  have  taken  hold  with  zest, 
and  those  who  have  conducted  Industrial  Classes  for  both 
boys  and  girls,  know  how  quickly  they  learn  and  how  eagerly 
they  take  hold. 

We  are  all  better  Christians  if  we  are  clean  and  indus- 
trious, for  this  makes  us  more  self-respectful,  and  when  we 
are  self-respectful  we  realize  that  there  is  respect  due  oth- 
ers. 

If  we  love  our  brother  whom  we  have  seen,  we  love  God 
better.  It  is  by  this  ladder  we  climb  to  Heaven — and  help 
others  to  climl). 

Says  Rev.  Neal  L.  .\nderson,  D.  D.,  in  “The  Race  Prob- 
lem in  the  South”:  “If  we  talked  less  about  the  race  prob- 
lem, and  thought  more  about  our  personal  duty  as  Chris- 
tians, there  would  be  less  of  a problem  for  us  and  for  our 
children.” 

Is  THE  Problem  or  His  Ev.\ngeliz.'\tion  More  Complex 
Now.? 

It  would  seem  so,  for  more  reasons  than  one.  Given  the 
educational  opportunity  he,  as  a rule,  takes  only  what  costs 
least  effort;  for  the  negro,  as  a rule,  has  not  lost  that  na- 
tural inertia  which  has  come  down  to  him  through  centuries. 

The  exceptions  which,  happily,  we  find  in  every  part  of 
the  country,  only  prove  the  rule. 


Within  Our  Doors.” 


/ 


With  often  no  higher  aspiration  than  imitation  of  the  pros- 
perous whites  with  whom  he  comes  in  touch,  he  rises  above 
the  average,  but  this  is  shown  in  superficial  ways — as  those 
who  observe  closely  will  testify — and  the  problem  of  his  real 
uplift,  the  uplift  of  his  soul,  of  building  him  up  to  the  full 
stature  of  manhood  in  Christ,  would  seem  hopeless  if  we  did 
not  feel  sure  that  God  wills  that  he  should  be  saved,  that  Jesus 
died  for  him,  and  that  there  is  a place  for  him  in  heaven. 

God  calls  us  now  to  this  work.  Jesus  says,  “Lo,  I am 
with  you  alway,  even  to  the  end  of  the  world.”  Can  we — 
dare  we,  refuse  to  obey  when  this  promise  is  ours? 

Wh.at  C.^x  We  Do? 

We  come  now  to  the  vital  question  for  Southern  women 
in  reference  to  this  great  work.  \\'ith  a deepened  sense  of  our 
responsibility,  we  face  the  questions,  “^^’hat  ran  we — what 
ought  we  to  do?” 

Happily  for  them,  there  are  women  who  have  answered 
by  going  to  work,  and  in  so  doing  have  set  us  an  inspiring 
e.xample. 

The  very  fact  that  over  forty  Mission  Sunday  Schools  have 
been  established  is  itself  evidence  that  there  are  some  ne- 
groes who  want  aid  from  their  white  neighbors. 

Rev.  D.  D.  Little,  of  Tuscaloosa,  says  that  he  “has  never 
heard  of  a single  instance  where  an  effort  to  establish  such 
a school  has  failed  on  account  of  lack  of  interest  among  the 
negroes.” 

e could  not  give  space  for  the  stories  of  all  these 
schools,  even  if  we  had  been  able  to  collect  them,  but 
there  are  some  so  remarkable  that  we  feel  to  read  of 
them  will  be  inspiring,  and  may  the  effect  be  to  make 
us  all  take  as  our  motto,  “What  man,  and  woman,  too,  has 


8 


WiTHix  Our  Doors. 


done,  man,  and  woman,  too,  can  do” — by  the  grace  of  God. 

The  wonderful  success  of  Rev.  John  Little’s  work  in 
Louisville,  Ky.,  is  familiar  to  all.  It  is  the  story  of  earnest 
and  self-denving  men  and  women,  who  have  given  time  and 
strength  and  prayer  to  this  work,  and  have  reaped  the  re- 
ward of  a remarkable  success,  but  there  are  many  others, 
here  and  there  in  the  South,  doing  much  for  the  uplift  of  their 
neighbors. 

1'he  Beginning  of  Our  Work  Among  the  Negroes. 

As  far  back  as  1863  these  remarkable  words  were  adopt- 
ed by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Southern  Presbyterian 
Church : 

“The  foreign  mission  problem  is  here  reversed.  Instead 
of  having  to  send  missionaries  to  the  heathen,  the  heathen 
are  brought  to  us,  thus  affording  the  opportunity  of  doing 
a foreign  mission  work  on  a gigantic  scale,  and  under  the 
most  favorable  auspices,  a work  altogether  unique,  and 
which  the  church  in  any  other  part  of  the  world  might  well 
covet.  The  Lord  hath  set  before  us  an  open  door;  let  us 
not  fail  to  enter  it.” 

After  the  war  there  was  no  change  in  the  conviction  of 
the  fathers  of  the  Church  in  regard  to  their  duty  to  their 
former  slaves.  Rising  above  the  awful  prejudices  of  the 
time,  and  ignoring  the  cruel  losses  and  disappointments 
which  they  had  suffered,  the  following  exhortation  was 
sent  forth: 

“The  General  Assembly  solemnly  admonishes  our  minis- 
ters, churches  and  people,  and  do  enjoin  upon  them  not  in 
any  wise  to  intermit  their  labors  for  the  religious  instruc- 
tion of  the  colored  people  of  our  land.  While  the  change 


Our  Doors.” 


9 


in  their  legal  and  domestic  relations  does  not  release  the 
Church  from  its  obligations  to  seek  their  moral  and  spirit- 
ual welfare,  their  helpless  condition  and  their  greater  ex- 
posure to  temptation,  leading  to  vice,  irreligion  and  ruin, 
both  temporal  and  eternal,  which  result  from  that  change, 
make  the  strongest  appeal  to  our  Christian  sympathies,  and 
demand  of  us  redoubled  diligence  in  supplying  them  with 
the  saving  ordinances  of  the  Gospel.” 

Such  noble  words  coming  from  such  noble  spirits  put  our 
present  indifference  to  shame. 

Wh.at  Efforts  H.^s  the  Southern  Presbyterlxn 
Church  Org.\nized  Through  Its  Committee? 

The  Southern  Presbyterian  Church  has  organized  the 
following  lines  of  effort: 

1st. — To  educate  and  train  good,  sensible  preachers  at 
Stillman  Institute. 

2nd. — To  assist  in  building  neat  churches. 

3rd. — To  supervise,  encourage,  and  partially  support  the 
pastors  of  colored  Presbyterian  churches. 

4th.- — To  organize  Sunday  Schools  taught  by  white  peo- 
ple. 

5th. — To  have  a superintendent  giving  his  whole  time  to 
pushing  forward  these  various  lines  of  work,  having  special 
charge  of  Stillman  Institute. 

6th. — To  establish  parochial  and  industrial  day  schools, 
taught  by  our  colored  pastors. 

To  read  the  above  program  is  to  acknowledge  at  once  the 
present  support  given  to  this  cause  is  entirely  inadequate. 

Now  let  us  take  up  these  organized  efforts  of  our  Church 
in  turn,  and  see  what  we  can  find  out  about  them. 


10 


Within  Our  Doors.” 


We  find  that  the  work  of  educating  and  training  good, 
sensible  preachers  at  Stillman  Institute  heads  the  list. 

We  will  read  with  interest,  then,  the  story  of  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Stillman  Institute,  as  told  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Snedecor. 


STILLM.A.N  Institute. 

In  1876  Dr.  Charles  A.  Stillman  presented  to  the  General 
Assembly  an  overture  from  the  session  of  the  Gainesville, 
-Alabama,  church,  urging  the  establishment  of  a school  for 
the  training  of  colored  ministers.  This  received  the  earnest 
suppo’-t  of  Dr.  B.  M.  Palmer  and  others,  and  the  school 


Dormitory  Building  Stillman  Institute. 


was  located  at  Tuscaloosa,  where  Dr.  Stillman  had,  in  the 
mean  time,  moved  as  pastor. 

He  was  appointed  superintendent,  and  for  twenW  years 
managed  the  Tuscaloosa  Institute,  as  it  was  called,  with 
consummate  tact  and  patience,  and  at  the  same  time  retain- 
ing through  all  those  troublous  times  his  popularity  as  pas- 
tor of  the  aristocratic  old  church  of  Tuscaloosa. 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


11 


During  this  period  the  work  was  under  the  care  of  the 
Assembly’s  Committee  of  Home  ^Missions. 

In  1891  the  Assembly  created  an  Executive  Committee 
of  Colored  Evangelization,  and  appointed  as  secretary  Rev. 
A.  L.  Phillips,  pastor  of  South  Highlands  church,  Birming- 
ham, .-\la.  Dr.  Stillman  was  called  to  his  reward  in  1895, 
and  the  school  has  since  been  called  Stillman  Institute.  His 
memorial  is  written  in  the  lives  of  the  good  men  whom  he 
trained  to  preach  the  Gospel  to  their  perishing  people. 

The  history  of  colored  evangelization  is  a continuous 
story  of  consecration  by  the  very  best  men  of  our  Southern 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  also,  sad  to  recall,  of  unappre- 
ciated effort  and  constant  discouragement. 

He  was  followed  by  such  men  as  James  W.  Kerr,  O.  C. 
Rankin,  W.  H.  Richardson,  J.  J.  .\nderson,  D.  D.  Sander- 
.son,  J.  G.  Praigg,  J.  R.  Howerton,  R.  B.  Mc.\lpine,  D.  D. 
Little,  and  others. 

In  1898  Dr.  L.  Phillips,  with  all  his  splendid  energy 
and  enthusiam,  was  compelled  to  resign,  because  of  the  in- 
difference of  the  Church,  and  a consequent  lack  of  support. 

Rev.  D.  Clay  Lilly,  then  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  in  Tuscaloosa,  was  elected  secretary,  and  for  a while 
gave  much  time,  while  still  pastor,  towards  arousing  an 
interest  in  the  work.  He  was  ably  assisted  by  Rev.  O.  B. 
Wilson,  then  a teacher  at  the  Institute. 

When  ^Ir.  \\'ilson  was  killed  by  lightning,  while  talking 
over  the  telephone  to  Dr.  Lilly,  and  the  latter  was  spared, 
he  felt  called,  as  if  by  God,  to  give  his  whole  time  to  the 
work.  He  shortly  after  resigned  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
to  give  himself  fully  to  the  secretaryship.  In  1903,  owing 
to  failing  health  and  great  nervous  strain  from  the  indiffer- 


12 


“ WiTHix  Olr  Doors.” 


ence  and  lack  of  support  of  the  Church,  he  resigned,  and 
Rev.  James  G.  Snedecor,  of  Birmingham,  was  made  secre- 
tary. 

The  Scope  or  This  Institute. 

This  school  of  the  prophets  is  unique  in  embracing  man- 
ual labor  as  a means  of  self-support. 


Field  Work,  Stillman  Institute. 


It  might  without  invidious  comparison  be  called  the  In- 
dustrious Theological  Seminary.  There  are  fifty  acres  of 
rich,  level  land,  and  a small  carpenter  shop  for  repairs  and 
building.  This  constitutes  our  simple  industrial  outfit. 
The  students  pay  their  board  by  working  in  the  afternoons, 
and  on  weekly  holidays.  The  poorest  may  here  make  their 
own  way.  To  give  them  this  opportunity  costs  us  about  $65 
per  annum  apiece.  Hence,  any  one  sending  $65  to  the 
treasurer  enables  us  to  add  one  more  student.  The  cash 
fee  charged  the  students  is  $2  per  month  for  tuition,  books, 
and  necessary  medical  attendance. 

Our  underpaid  and  overworked  teachers  lead  a strenuous 
life,  for  they  undertake  to  watch  as  well  as  pray.  Thev 


\\’iTHiN  Our  Doors.” 


13 


teach  from  8 A.  M.  to  12:30;  then  after  one  hour  for  din- 
ner, the  students  go  to  work  in  the  garden,  shops,  etc. 

The  Work  is  Not  Sectarian. 

-At  Stillman  all  denominations  are  received  on  equal  terms. 
The  denominational  question  among  the  negroes  is  hardly 
an  open  one.  For  the  most  part  they  are  either  Baptists  or 
Methodists. 

Recently  the  writer,  while  addressing  a large  gathering 
in  the  colored  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  spoke  of  this 
feature  of  Stillman,  when  one  of  their  best  preachers  rose 
and  said:  “Stillman,  under  God,  made  me  w'hat  I am.” 
-\nother  faithful  and  sensible  preacher  arose  and  said:  “I, 

too,  owe  what  little  ability  I have  to  preach  the  Gospel,  to 
Stillman.” 

At  least  thirty  of  the  graduates  have  gone  out  to  preach 
the  gospel  under  other  denominational  auspices,  and  we  may 
heartily  thank  God  that  we  can  make  this  general  contribu- 
tion to  the  good  of  the  race. 

The  large  majority  of  the  graduates  are  Presbyterians,  and 
find  work  in  the  South.  Five  graduates  have  gone  to  Af- 
rica: Rev.  W.  H.  Sheppard,  D.  D.,  now  pastor  of  a church 
in  Louisville,  Ky. ; Rev.  H.  P.  Hawkins,  Rev.  L.  A.  De 
Vampert,  Rev.  A.  L.  Edmiston,  and  Rev.  A.  A.  Rochester. 

.\ccording  to  the  annual  report  for  the  year  ending  March 
31,  1913,  there  were  sixty- five  students  in  varying  states  of 
prej)aration,  each  requiring  special  coaching  as  well  as  in- 


struction. 


14 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


THE  WORK  AND  THE  WORKERS. 


Seventeenth  Street,  Richmond,  Va. 

We  will  begin  with  the  Seventeenth  Street  Alission  Sun- 
day School,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  which  was  organized  by,  and 
under  the  direction  of,  Mr.  ISI.  M.  Grey,  a student  of  Union 
Seminary. 


Class  in  Mission  School,  Richmond,  Va. 


Dr.  Walter  Lingle  speaks  of  this  school  most  interestingly 
in  The  Missionary  Survey  for  June,  1913. 

The  mission  is  in  the  heart  of  the  toughest,  most  degraded 
negro  quarter  of  Richmond. 

There  are  140  or  150  scholars,  and  thirty  white  teachers 
present.  Ladies  are  there  from  the  best  families.  A mem- 
ber of  the  Seminary  Quartet  leads  the  singing. 

It  is  wonderful  how  eager  the  children  are  to  learn,  un- 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


15 


der  the  splendid  leadership  of  Mr.  Grey  and  his  faithful 
teachers. 

As  one  of  the  results  of  the  faithful  teaching,  think  of  six 
girls  who  have  recited  perfectly  on  two  different  occasions, 
each,  the  entire  Child’s  Catechism  (145  questions),  the 
Lord’s  Prayer,  the  23d  Psalm,  the  100th  Psalm,  the  Beati- 
tudes, the  Ten  Commandments,  the  .Apostles’  Creed,  and 
the  53d  chapter  of  Isaiah. 

Total  names  on  roll  to  date,  335. 

This  school  has  also  a Girls’  Sewing  and  Basketry  Class 
and  Club;  a boys’  club,  singing  class,  and  a club  for  the 
older  boys. 

Who  can  estimate  the  subtle  but  strong  influence  that  is 
being  e.xerted  over  tliese  young  people  by  this  interest  in 
their  pleasure? 

How  many  of  our  cities  and  towns  are  doing  likewise? 
pR.'tzER  Street  Mission,  .Atlanta. 

The  next  scliool  we  would  speak  of  is  the  Fraser  Street 
Mission  of  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church  of  .Atlanta,  Ga. 

This  school  was  organized  fourteen  or  fifteen  years  ago 
by  Dr.  Theron  Rice,  and  has  been  taught  by  white  teachers 
during  this  period. 

It  was  not  founded  primarily  as  a Presbyterian  church, 
but  simply  as  an  effort  put  forth  by  white  Christians  to  help 
colored  people  to  be  more  useful  as  they  labored  in  their 
own  churches. 

The  school  has  enjoyed  a measure  of  success  during  all 
these  years,  and  now  has  about  250  children  enrolled,  with 
an  average  attendance  of  about  165.  The  teaching  force  is 


16 


“ WiTHix  Our  Doors. 


stronger  in  numbers  and  efficiency  than  ever  before,  some 
twenty-five  teachers  and  officers  being  enrolled. 

The  school  meets  at  3:30  the  year  round. 

On  Tuesday  afternoon  there  is  a Sewing  Class,  with  not 
so  many  attending  recently,  but  with  gratifying  results. 

There  are  three  clubs  for  the  boys,  ages  from  si.x  to  ten, 
from  ten  to  fourteen,  and  fourteen  to  eighteen.  A splendid 
colored  man  assists  in  this  work,  and  playing  out  of  doors 
is  encouraged. 

During  the  summer  a Daily  Vacation  Bible  School  is- 
kept  in  the  building,  taught  by  colored  teachers.  In  1912 
350  children  were  reached,  and  the  attendance  grows  steadly. 

This  work  is  carried  on  for  three  hours  each  day  for  six 
weeks,  with  Bible  lessons,  singing,  and  manual  labor  classes. 

Several  entertainments  and  picnics  were  given  during  the 

six  weeks- 

“Yet  with  all  this,”  says  the  superintendent,  “we  asre  fust 
playing  with  the  work. 

“A  settlement  house,  and  play  grounds  are  needed  where 
these  boys  and  girls  can  meet  for  their  common  pleasure.” 
“There  is  not  a foot  of  ground  in  the  ward  where  they  can 
meet  save  in  the  Mission  house. 

There  are  nearly  13,000  colored  people  in  the  district.” 

Similar  work  is  going  on  under  care  of  Second  Church, 
Memphis,  and  in  Tuscaloosa. 


report  of  workers. 


Mission  Work  in  Morganton,  N.  C. 

This  very  interesting  work  was  begun  in  March,  1912. 
One  afternoon  of  the  Week  of  Prayer,  being  held  by  the 


“ WiTHix  Our  Doors.” 


17 


women  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  the  founder  of  this  mis- 
sion led  the  meeting,  and  selected  as  her  topic,  “Work 
Among  the  Negroes,”  and  mentioned  how  readily  her  washer- 
woman had  agreed  to  her  proposition  to  start  a Woman’s 
Bible  Class  in  one  of  the  colored  sections  of  the  town  the 
next  week. 

Several  responded  to  her  request  for  teachers  in  other 
sections.  Three  classes  for  women  were  then  started,  and 
several  for  children. 

One  of  the  officers  of  the  church  also  started  a class  of 
colored  men  about  the  same  time,  and  this  was  kept  up  with 
interest  for  some  time,  but  partly  from  ill  health  and  partly 
from  some  falling  off  in  interest  among  the  men,  the  work 
was  dropped  with  the  hope  of  resumption  during  the  sum- 
mer months. 

The  work  of  the  women  has  been  kept  up,  and  two  or 
three  sewing  classes  started. 

The  severity  of  the  winter  and  the  lack  of  a comfortably 
heated,  central  gathering  place  affects  the  attendance  during 
that  season. 

The  teachers  of  one  school  succeeded  in  getting  the  use 
of  the  colored  school  building  in  that  part  of  the  town,  and 
when  they  got  out  of  wood  the  boys  took  up  a collection 
among  themselves  and  bought  a load  of  wood. 

The  testimony  of  these  workers,  as  of  all  the  others,  is  to 
the  readiness  to  respond  to  help,  the  quickness  in  memoriz- 
ing catechism,  and  ease  with  which  attention  can  be  held 
with  a story. 

Take  this  picture  of  a sewing  class,  and  bear  in  mind  that 
the  teacher  is  herself  a busy  woman  during  the  day. 

The  time  is  after  supper.  “They  come  up  to  the  back 


18 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


porch.  I have  two  lamps  on  the  table,  and  the  girls  sit  on 
bo.xes,  and  they  really  try  hard  to  learn.  Four  more  are 
coming,  they  say,  and  now  we  begin  to  dream  of  an  indus- 
trial school.” 

Do  you  see,  in  imagination,  those  flickering  lights  and 
those  eager  dusky  faces,  and  that  teacher  watching  her  op- 
portunity to  teach  those  young  hearts? 

In  Ruston,  La.,  in  Birmingham,  .\la.,  and  in  Fulton,  Mo., 
the  same  work  goes  on. 

Many  of  our  churches  have  not  been  heard  from,  and  a 
few  that  have  replied  to  letters  say  that  they  have  to  report 
a lack  of  interest  in  this  great  work,  but  we  must  believe 
that  there  are  many  who  are  working  quietly  and  sowing 
seed  that  will  bear  fruit  yet. 

This  is  the  legitimate  work  of  the  Southern  Church.  We 
who  live  among  them  know  best  how  to  deal  with  them. 

We  have  seen  from  the  testimony  of  men  most  competent 
to  testify  that  Presbyterianism  is  adapted  to  the  negro,  and 
if  this  is  so,  then  let  us  be  up  and  doing,  and  may  the  Spirit 
so  arouse  us  that  we  may  be  able  to  look  the  Judge  in  the 
face  in  that  Great  Day  when  we  must  give  account  of  the 
deeds  done  in  the  body! 


REPORTS  FROM  THE  COLORED 
PREACHERS  AND  TEACHERS. 


From  Ferguson  and  Williams  College,  Abbeville,  S.  C. 

Rev.  E.  IF.  Williams,  D.  D.,  President. 

We  are  now  closing  the  thirty-second  year  of  the  work 


“ ^^■ITHIX  OuK  Doors.” 


19 


at  Abbeville,  and  God  has  permitted  us  to  build  up  a great 
work  both  in  the  church  and  school. 

Bere.\n  Church,  New  Orle.^xs. 

This  is  the  only  mission  conducted  for  the  benefit  of  the 
colored  people  in  New  Orleans,  and  is  not  flourishing,  though 
the  pastor.  Rev.  E.  W.  Benjamin,  reports  that  there  seems 
to  be  an  awakening.  He  has  been  in  charge  of  the  work  a 
little  over  a year.  A day  school  has  been  organized  with 
an  enrollment  of  60,  and  an  average  attendance  of  33. 

'I'he  Sabbath  school  has  increased,  numbering  89.  There 
is  also  a sewing  class  conducted  for  girls.  The  pastor  adds: 
“We  are  trying  to  bring  about  a new  day,  so  far  as  Tresby- 


A T.vpical  Mission  School  Group. 


terians  are  concerned,  and  the  work  in  a city  of  this  size 
is  charged  with  much  responsibility.” 

Here  is  a case  calling  for  sympathy  and  for  co-operation 
by  all  white  Presbyterians. 


20 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


Te.\.a.rk.a.n.a.. 

The  report  from  Rev.  M.  Plant,  of  Texarkana,  Tex., 
comes  next,  and  shows  the  pluck  of  both  pastor  and  people. 

Montgomery, 

In  Montgomery,  Ala.,  there  is  one  colored  Presbyterian 
Church.  The  white  churches  have  helped  them,  but  there 
is  no  mission  conducted  by  whites,  excepting  a Catholic 
mission. 

IMilton,  X.  C. 

There  is  a church  here  with  Rev.  B.  B.  Palmer  as  pastor. 
The  congregation  is%  small,  but  the  Sunday  school  is  well 
attended  and  the  scholars  interested,  and  it  is  operated  all 
the  year  round. 

There  is  a Parochial  School,  which  might  be  very  useful 
for  the  colored  people,  if  only  the  school  building  begun 
some  years  ago  could  be  finished.” 

North  Wilkesboro,  N.  C. 

There  is  work  being  done  at  North  Wilkesboro  by  Rev. 
J.  S.  Morrow,  who  also  serves  a church  at  Elkin  and  the 
Clark  ^Memorial  at  Danbury. 

Wilmington,  N.  C. 

The  Presbyterians  of  Whlmington,  N.  C.,  have  not  been 
idle,  as  the  following  report  shows; 

The  First  Presbyterian  Church  has  had  a mission  for 
colored  people  for  three  or  four  years,  at  first  in  a rented 
building,  but  since  October,  1911,  they  have  had  their  own 
church  building. 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


21 


The  two  white  churches — the  First  and  St.  Andrews — 
have  recently  undertaken  a new  arrangement.  They  have 
secured  Rev.  W.  ^I.  Baker*,  a graduate  of  Union  Seminary, 
Va.,  and  a volunteer  for  our  African  Mission,  to  work  among 
the  colored  people  of  the  city  for  one  year. 

There  is  also  a regularly  organized  Presbyterian  Church 
of  colored  people. 

Report  of  the  Work  of  St.  Andrew’s  Church,  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  Rev.  S.  Jackson,  Pastor. 

This  church,  organized  about  fifteen  years  ago,  has  an  en- 
rollment of  about  180,  not  all,  however,  active  members. 

They  have  a parochial  school  of  eighty  or  ninety  in  sev- 
eral departments.  Kindergarten,  Story  Hour,  Sewing  School, 
Boys’  Club  and  Mothers’  Meetings. 


Colored  Church,  Nashville. 

The  Presbyterians  (white)  give  then  financial  aid,  but 
do  not  teach  in  either  Sunday  or  parochial  schools.  The 
only  whites  working  among  them  are  the  young  ladies  of 


22 


“ WixHiM  Our  Doors.” 


the  2kIethodist  Training  School  near  by,  who  have  entire  con- 
trol of  the  kindergarten  work. 

I'he  church  has  also  had  substantial  aid  from  the  com- 
mittees, especially  in  the  purchase  of  the  property  and  in 
the  building  of  the  handsome  church  and  Sylvan  St.  Mission 
School,  Selma,  Ala.,  Rev.  R.  D.  Roulhac,  pastor,  Dillon, 
S.  C.,  Homer,  Ga.,  all  send  reports  of  good  work,  limited 
only  by  lack  of  funds  and  workers. 


Cotton  Picking  in  Dixie. 

I'he  Story  oe  Sam  Dailey. 

The  story  of  Sam  Dailey  is  worthy  of  a more  perma- 
nent place  than  the  pages  of  even  a religious  paper. 

His  life  proves  that  it  ought  to  be  known  not  only  as  an 
inspiration  to  people  of  his  own  color,  but,  in  order  to 
put  to  shame  the  comparatively  small  efforts  of  self-con- 


“ WiTHix  Our  Doors.” 


secration  known  to  many  Christian  workers,  and  another  truth 
it  should  impress  is, — the  solemn — ,the  tremendous  respon- 
sibility of  influence. 


The  Sam  Dailey  Reformatory. 


It  was  the  influence  of  an  address  by  a colored  preacher 
that  moved  “Uncle  Sam”  to  devote  his  life  to  the  uplift 
and  salvation  of  wayward  boys. 

He  had  been  janitor  of  the  University  of  .\labama,  then, 
later,  ran  a hack  in  the  city  of  Tuscaloosa. 

By  economy  and  good  management  he  had  saved  several 
hundred  dollars,  and  decided  to  buy  a farm. 

He  moved  out  and  began  life  there,  but  was  not  able 
to  pay  at  once  all  the  purchase  price  for  his  place. 

It  was  just  at  this  time  that  he  heard  the  address  that 
determined  his  future.  He  had  nothing  to  begin  with  but  a 
piece  of  land,  a heart  full  of  love  for  wayward  boys,  and 
simple,  childlike  trust  in  God. 

The  preacher  who  suggested  the  idea  of  a Reformatorj' 
to  him,  took  him  to  Birmingham,  and  introduced  him  to 
Judge  Feagin  of  the  City  Court.  The  warm  heart  of  this 
good  judge  opened  with  s}'mpathy  to  the  plan,  and  al- 
though Dailey  had  so  little  to  offer,  and  no  experience,  he 


24 


Within  Our  Doors.” 


consented  to  turn  over  to  this  new  Reformatory  as  many  of 
the  young  negroes  convicted  in  his  Court  as  could  be  pro- 
vided for. 

A large  log  barn  on  the  farm  was  fitted  up  with  beds  for 
a 14ormitory.  Another  out-house  became  the  Dining  Room, 
and  Dailey’s  wife  cheerfully  assumed  the  work  of  cook  and 
matron. 

The  Reformatory  became  a fact. 

Tlie  first  great  difficulty  was  to  keep  the  boys  after 
they  reached  the  farm.  Sam  knew  practically  nothing  of 
criminals,  while  his  little  prisoners  had  spent  their  lives 
dodging  the  police. 

For  the  first  two  years  about  two  out  of  every  three  es- 
caped, but  Sam  learned  by  experience.  His  farm  was 
across  the  river  from  town,  and  there  was  only  one  bridge, 
so  by  secuing  the  help  of  his  neighbors,  both  white  and  col- 
ored, and  especially  of  the  store-keeper  at  the  bridge,  he 
was  able  to  re-capture  most  of  the  runaways. 

M night  all  of  the  boys,  excepting  the  “Trusties,”  were 
locked  in  to  stay  until  the  doors  were  open  at  sunrise  when 
they  had  breakfast. 

After  breakfast,  if  the  weather  permitted,  the  super- 
intendent would  lead  them  to  the  fields.  If  it  was  rainy, 
they  returned  to  the  Dormitory  and  studied  and  said  les- 
sons as  at  school. 

On  Sundays  they  had  the  regular  Sunday  School  lesson 
and  a talk  on  morals  by  the  superintendent,  or  a sermon 
by  some  visiting  preacher. 

Special  Prayer  Meetings  w^ere  held  twice  a week  at  night. 

This  simple  life  accomplished  the  desired  result.  The 
Reformatory  was  establislied  to  make  bad  boys  good,  and 
the  superintendent  succeeded  beyond  his  expectations. 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


25 


The  most  remarkable  thing  about  this  unique  institution 
^vas  Dailey’s  power  of  getting  hold  of  the  hearts  of  his 
boys.  At  first  the  consuming  desire  of  every  newcomer  was 


Parental  Guidance. 


to  get  away,  and  the  ingenuity  they  showed  in  escaping 
was  remarkable,  but  after  they  became  accustomed  to  their 
new  surroundings  and  restraints,  they  looked  on  the  Re- 
formatory as  home,  and  enjoyed  life  in  the  fields  more 
than  the  old  life  on  the  streets  of  a city. 

When  you  remember  that  the  raw  material  was  made 
up  of  the  worst  street  Arabs  of  a large  manufacturing  city, 
the  discipline  was  remarkable. 

The  Reformatory  never  had  any  regular  income.  Kind 
friends  here  and  there  have  given  small  gifts,  and  for  the 
past  three  years  the  .\ssembly’s  Home  Mission  Committee 
has  kept  a preacher  there  as  pastor  and  assistant  in  the  work 


26 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


of  the  school,  but  the  greater  part  of  the  money  for  food 
and  clothing  has  been  earned  by  the  boys  themselves. 

“ Sam  Dailey  came  nearer  to  realizing  the  dreams  of 
the  idealist  as  to  the  self-supporting  schools  and  Reform- 
atories that  any  other  jjerson  of  whom  the  writer  has  ever 
heard.” 

It  would  be  safe  to  say  that  of  every  five  dollars  spent 
on  his  place,  four  were  dug  out  of  the  ground  by  his  boys, 
most  of  them  under  fifteen,  and  none  over  eighteen. 

Remember,  too,  that  all  of  them  were  originally  town 
toughs,  ignorant  of  country  life  and  of  thrift  or  responsi- 
bility. 

In  iMay,  1913,  he  was  chosen  by  the  Central  Alabama 
Presbytery  to  represent  them  at  the  General  Assembly  in 
Atlanta. 

V-.- 

He  was  taken  sick,  and  a few  days  after  the  adjcairnment, 
though  every  possible  care  had  been  taken,  he  passed  away 
in  a hospital. 

One  little  incident  will  illustrate  Dailey’s  simple  faith. 
In  the  summer  of  1911,  the  army  worms  were  making  havoc 
in  the  cotton  fields  of  Alabama.  Farmers  were  in  consterna- 
tion, and  Paris  Green  was  selling  by  the  car  load. 

Dr.  Little  met  Uncle  Sam  and  asked  if  he  had  applied 
the  poison  to  his  crop?  He  said;  “No,  I didn’t  have  any 
money  to  buy  poison,  and  so  I jes’  went  to  the  Lord  an’ 
told  Him:  ‘Lord,  you  know  how  I can’t  raise  enough  cotton 
to  feed  my  boys  an’  the  army  worms  too,’  an’  the  Lord 
has  kep’  ’em  off  my  place,  so  far.”  And  throughout  the 
season  the  Lord  fulfilled  His  promise,  and  made  a covenant 
with  the  creeping  things  of  the  earth. 


“ Within  Our  Doors. 


27 


And  now — shall  our  Church  take  hold  of  this  Reforatory? 
Is  there  any  where  within  our  bounds  a man  white  o"  colored 
who  can  and  will  give  himself  and  all  he  possesses  to  this 
most  worthy  cause?  Or  shall  this  rema>-kable  effort  to  save 
the  lost  pass  with  the  memory  of  its  founder? 

The  Object  of  Collecting  These  Reports. 

We  may  have  read  these  few  reports  with  interest,  but  the 
reading  will  be  of  little  avail  if  it  does  not  prove  stimula- 
ting. 

That  others  have  worked  and  succeeded  should  rouse  to 
action,  tho.se  of  us  who  “have  been  thinking  about  it.” 

We  cannot  afford  to  waste  time  thinking  about  it.  Every 
instance  of  missionary  effort  is  a Call. 

Our  op])ortunities  for  service  to  our  colored  neighbors, 
are  not  confined  to  planting  Mission  Sunday  Schools  around 
us.  Says  Dr.  Gambrell : “Never  did  a people  luive  as  many 
ojiportunities  to  serve  a weak  race  as  are  afforded  the  Chris- 
tian women  of  the  South  in  their  kitchens  and  dining  rooms — 
in  their  homes.” 

-\11  the  most  important  lessons  they  need  to  learn  can 
be  taught  them  there,  by  examjile  as  well  as  by  precept. 

.\  wise  Southern  planter  said  before  the  Civil  war: 
“What  they  lack  in  education  they  make  up  in  observation.” 
'I'liis  is  true. 

Their  keen  eyes  and  ears  mark  whether  the  religion  we 
teach  corresponds  with  the  religion  we  live,  and  our  in- 
fluence over  them  is  strong  or  weak  accordingly. 

.\  bright  young  woman  who  was  remonstrated  with  about 
reading  the  newspapers  on  Sunday,  quickly  replied:  “Why, 
Miss  Amanda  does  it.”  Coolly  casting  on  Miss  .Amanda 
the  responsibility  of  her  Sabbath  breaking, — Miss  .\manda 
little  dreaming  that  her  influence  was  working  this  way! 


28 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


Let  us  look  at  another  picture,  true  to  life.  An  old  saint 
lay  dying.  IMuch  of  her  long  life  had  been  spent  in  faith- 
ful efforts,  not  only  to  win  her  own  servants  to  Christ, 
but  after  they  were  freed,  and  she  was  living  in  another 
part  of  the  country,  and  boarding,  the  servants  in  the  fam- 
ily soon  won  her  interest  and  prayerful  efforts. 

.-\.mong  these,  the  cook  was  a woman  of  notoriously  im- 
moral character.  She  was  regarded  as  a hopeless  case,  and 
only  employed  because  of  her  accomplishments  as  a cook. 
She  was  accustomed  to  nothing  but  stern  cold  words.  This 
did  not  deter  the  aged  friend,  who  sought  an  opportunity 
to  speak  to  her.  First  winning  her  by  friendly  words,  she 
then  suggested  learning  Bible  verses  and  hymns. 

The  astonished  cook  listened  with  tearful  interest,  re- 
peating the  verses  until  she  had  memorized  them. 

She  returned  to  the  kitchen,  saying  with  a sob:  “No-' 
body  else  ever  cared  nothin’  ’bout  my  soul  before.” 

At  last  the  morning  came  when  the  end  drew  near.  Some 
one  told  the  cook  that  Mrs.  D.  was  dying,  and  with  a burst 
of  tears  she  went  up  to  the  room,  and  opening  the  door, 
she  said : 

“Oh,  le’  me  do  somethin’  for  her.  She’s  the  only  one 
ever  cared  fur  mv  soul!” 

Oh,  who  can  doubt  that  angels, — and  the  blessed  Master 
too, — smiled  on  that  deathbed  scene! 

A Few  Quotations  Be.aring  on  the  Subject,  for  Use 
IN  Mission.ary  Meetings. 

“The  negroes  did  not  come  to  our  country  voluntarily. 
They  were  not  seeking  a happier  home  when  they  left 
Africa.  Slave  raiders  snatched  them  from  their  native  for- 


ests. 


“ Within  Our  Doors.” 


29 


Our  fathers  and  grandfathers  paid  honest  money  for 
them  and  detained  them  here. 

We  the  sons  and  daughters  are  responsible  for  that  act, 
and  the  freeing  of  the  slave  does  not  discharge  us. 

We  have  made  several  grievous  mistakes  in  our  relation 
to  the  negro.  Let  us  not  now  make  the  deplorable  mistake 
of  thinking  that  he  is  incapable  of  improvement,  or  that  it 
is  best  to  keep  him  in  ignorance.  We  could  not  do  the  lat- 
ter if  we  would.  It  is  only  idle  to  advocate  it. 

The  only  question  for  sensible  people  is: 
llo-w  is  the  negro  to  be  taught,  and  by  whom?” 


“The  good  old  ante-bellum  negro  was  the  product  of  the 
white  man’s  religion.  Our  Churches  were  built  with  old 
fashioned  galleries  from  which  they  heard  our  ablest  preach- 
ers. These  galleries  are  empty  now, — the  negro  has  his 
own  houses  of  worship  where  he  listens — as  a general  rule 
— to  crudely  put  truths — sometimes  to  absurd  untruths, — 
and  seldom  hears  the  simple  truths  of  salvation,  and  the 
call  to  a higher  and  more  spiritual  life. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  were  35,000  negro  memliers  of 
Presbyterian  white  Churches  at  the  time  of  the  disruption 
of  the  Church  in  1861.  These  people  were  instructed  care- 
fully, and  their  morals  were  kept  up  to  a high  standard 
by  tlie  careful  oversight  of  the  sessions.  They  listened  to 
the  same  preachers,  and  communed  at  the  same  time  with 
their  white  bretliren.” 

A preacher  applied  for  admission  to  the  Stillman  In- 
stitute, giving  as  his  reason,  that  he  desired  to  do  some- 
thing  better  for  his  people  than  to  “jump  up  and  down  in 
his  pulpit  and  to  holler.” 


30 


“ \^■ITHIX  Our  Doors.” 


“The  Gospel  has  not  lost  its  power  on  the  negro  and  he 
will  receive  it  now  just  as  readily  as  he  ever  did,  if  it  be 
offered  him  with  the  same  love  and  sympathy.  The  trouble 
is,  we  do  not  give  it  to  him.  We  give  money,  and  send 
men  across  the  seas  to  preach  the  Gospel  to  the  negroes  in 
Africa,  but  withhold  it  from  these  within  our  own  doors. 
For  five  years  past  we  have  been  giving  an  average  of  a 
fraction  over  a nickle  apiece  to  give  the  Gospel  to  these 
millions  whose  destiny  is  closely  bound  up  with  that  of 
ourselves  and  our  children.” 


“.\nother  thing  that  in  fairness  we  should  ever  bear  in 
mind  is  that  we  have  been  climbing  up  the  stairway  of 
Christian  Civilization  six  times  as  long  as  they  have.  For 
more  than  twelve  centuries  our  race  has  had  the  knowledge 
and  felt  the  steady  uplift  of  the  religion  of  Christ.  For 
only  two  centuries  they  have  had  this  inestimable  blessing.” 
These  colored  people  about  us  are  separated  by  only  six 
generations  from  a savage  and  cannibal  ancestry;  nay,  many 
of  them  by  even  a less  period. 


“For  every  dollar  the  South  withholds  from  this  cause, 
the  North  puts  ten  dollars  into  the  work.  The  question 
for  us  to  decide  is  solely  whether  he  is  to  be  educated  by 
those  who  understand  the  negro,  and  the  needs  of  his  race, 
or  by  other  people  who,  with  the  very  best  intentions,  at- 
tempt a task  that  is  beyond  them,  and  whose  work,  without 
die  co-operation  of  Southern  white  men,  in  many  instances, 
retards  rather  than  advances  the  best  interests  of  both 


races. 


\\’iTHix  Our  Doors.” 


31 


■‘A  thousand  years  it  took  to  tame  our  forefathers;  it 
has  not  been  fifty  years  since  emancipation.” 


For  additional  quotations  and  readings,  Missionary  So- 
cieties are  advised  to  purchase  “The  Upward  Path,”  by 
Mary  Helm,  and  W.  D.  ^^'eatherford’s  two  manuals  on  the 
negro  race.  These  books  can  be  ordered  from  our  Commit- 
tee of  Publication  in  paper,  35  cents;  in  cloth,  50  cents. 

SoitE  Questions  on  the  Work  of  the  S.  Presbyterevn 
Church  Among  the  Negroes. 

How  many  Negroes  in  the  United  States? 

How  did  they  come  here? 

Where  are  most  of  the  Negroes  living? 

When  did  the  S.  Presbyterian  Church  begin  her  effort  for 
their  education,  and  religious  uplift,  and  where? 

Who  started  the  movement  and  where? 

What  ministers  have  been  successively  connected  with 
Stillman  Institute? 

Is  it  denominational? 

How  many  ministers  have  been  educated  there? 

How  many  missionaries  to  .\frica? 

How  many  colored  Presbyterian  Churches  have  we? 

How  many  ministers? 

What  Schools,  and  who  are  the  Principles? 

What  has  hampered  the  work  of  Colored  Evangelization 
from  the  first? 

What  can  the  women  of  the  Church  do  about  this? 


“ \\'iTHiN  Our  Doors.” 


How  many  Mission  Sunday  Schools  among  the  negroes 
can  )ou  mention? 

Are  you  teaching  a Mission  Class?  If  not,  why  not? 


'I’his  waif,  destitute  and  abandoned,  wa  sbrought  into  the 
colored  mission  in  Louisville.  “Her  Sunday  doll,”  as  she 
named  it,  became  her  dearest  possession,  used  only  on  the 
Sabbath,  which  she  had  learned  in  this  Mission  was  “the  best 
day  of  all.”  Stricken  with  a deadly  disease,  she  went  Home 
clasping  the  doll,  which  was  never  taken  from  her  loving 
hands,  and  she  bore  it  into  the  presence  of  Him  who  is  still 
saying,  as  of  old,  “Suffer  the  little  children  to  come  unto  me 
and  forbid  them  not,  for  to  such  belonged!  the  Kingdom  of 
God.” 


Home  Mission  Pamphlets 

A series  of  interesting  and  informing  pamphlets  dealing  with 
the  special  Home  Mission  problems  of  the  Southern  Presbyte- 
rian Church. 

32  pages  illustrated.  Price,  5c.  each,  postpaid. 

Texas-Mexlcan  Missions Mrs.  R.  D.  Campbell. 

The  Country  Church Mrs.  E.  P.  Bledsoe. 

Our  Work  Among  the  Negroes.  . .Miss  S.  O’H.  Dickson. 

The  Highlanders  of  the  South... Miss  Anne  H.  Rankin. 

The  Frontier Rev.  S.  M.  Glasgow. 

Concerning  the  Foreigner Mrs.  D.  B.  Cobbs 

Our  Indian  Work Mrs.  Bella  McC.  Gibbons. 

50,000  Subscribers  Wanted  for  the 
Missionary  Survey 

The  Missionary  Survey  is  the  General  Assembly’s  official 
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The  reading  matter  and  Illustrations  forming  its  contents  are 
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ing the  latest  authentic  reports  from  the  active  forces  of  these 
committees  in  the  field  at  Home  and  Abroad. 

The  Missionary  Survey  is  therefore  a faithful  mirror  of  all 
the  Assembly’s  benevolent  activities. 

Its  contents  are  not  only  of  an  informing  and  educational 
character,  but  also  of  highly  suggestive  and  inspirational  value. 

The  magazine  is  helpful  in  this  way  to  individuals,  to  fami- 
lies, to  societies,  to  leaders  and  workers  in  every  department 
of  the  Church. 

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Sub.^criptlon  price,  T5c  per  year. 

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way  Intn  all  the  homes  of  oar  Church.  You  could  not  do  a more 
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Immigrant  Forces W.  P.  Shrever. 

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